This study had 2 specific aims: (1) to determine the extent to which male Latino day laborers are solicited for sex by other men while seeking work at specific day labor sites, and (2) to determine the extent to which day laborers engage in sex with their male solicitors and the factors associated with such behavior.
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Also included are specific details of how to target Latino day laborers for sexual activities, tips on how to approach them, suggested payment amounts, best times of the day to make contact and detailed graphic stories of sexual encounters with day laborers. This includes the locations of specific day labor sites in different cities in the United States, along with the names of street corners or business establishments where day laborers congregate. In addition, information is now available on the Internet for men interested in meeting Latino day laborers for sexual activities.
Thus, there is a need to obtain more information about the extent to which Latino day laborers may be at risk for HIV infection through the sexual solicitations from other men while seeking day labor employment. Such solicitations could potentially place them at risk of HIV infection, especially if some day laborers feel compelled for economic reasons to accept the sexual solicitations from these men, even if this involves high-risk sexual activities. did not ask the day laborers if they themselves had been approached for sex at day labor sites, nor what their responses had been. Seventy-five percent reported that they had heard of men offering day laborers money for sex at work sites. 11 asked their sample of 290 male Latino migrant day laborers if they had ever heard of men being offered money for sex at day labor sites.
For example, to what extent are day laborers solicited for sex by other men while they seek employment? Ehrlich et al. The limited information available on Latino day laborers' risk of HIV infection leaves other questions unanswered. None of the men in the study reported any sexual activities with other males during the previous 2 months. However, higher condom use was reported by men who had multiple female sexual partners compared to those with only one sexual partner. They reported that knowledge of proper condom use was generally low among the men interviewed. 10 They interviewed 102 workers in Northern California. One study that focused exclusively on the HIV-related risk behaviors of Latino day laborers was conducted by Organista & Kubo. also found rampant violations of day laborers' rights, including not being paid for their work, working under hazardous conditions and being subject to insults from employers. Most are at or below the federal poverty level.
7 found that most day laborers (83%) rely on their day labor work as their only source of income. Often their primary attention and focus is on earning enough money to send home to their families and for this reason many hardships are endured. Many are homeless or share housing with other men in order to save on housing costs. 8 - 9 Many borrowed money from friends or relatives to cover transit costs and as a result may spend their first few months after arrival repaying their debts. to support their families in their countries of origin. 7Įthnographic studies conducted with Latino day laborers reveal that most day laborers report coming to the U.S. 7 Day workers seek jobs primarily through informal locations, such as standing in front of businesses, home improvement stores, gas stations and on busy streets only one in five seeks work at an official day laborers work center. It is estimated that there are approximately 117,600 day laborers on any given day in the United States either looking for day labor jobs or employed as day laborers.
The limited literature that exists on HIV and Latino migrant men has focused primarily on migrants living in rural areas or small cities who are usually or primarily farm workers 2 - 4 or on those described solely as “migrant laborers.” 5 - 6 Limited information is available on the HIV-related risk behaviors of day laborers, the overwhelming majority of whom are Latino immigrants. 1 Compounding such risk factors are a number of other issues, such as disruptions in family lives, poverty, low levels of formal education and literacy rates, limited English proficiency and undocumented residency status. These include engaging in sexual activities with commercial sex workers, having many sex partners, sharing needles after the injection of illegal drugs or substances taken for “therapeutic” reasons and abusing alcohol and drugs. A number of factors are associated with the risk of HIV infection among Latino migrant workers in the United States.